Danni collaterali. La ricezione online di Tolstoj e Dostoevskij dopo l'invasione dell'Ucraina.

Autori

  • Iris Uccello University of Verona
  • Gabriele Vezzani Università di Verona & RWTH Aachen University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2532-8816/20759

Parole chiave:

Goodreads, Recensioni online, Ricezione letteraria, Tolstoj, Dostoevskij, Conflitto ucraino

Abstract

L'invasione russa dell'Ucraina il 24 febbraio 2022 ha innescato profondi cambiamenti culturali e geopolitici, portando a una rivalutazione delle narrazioni storiche e imperialistiche della Russia. Questo studio analizza come la percezione della letteratura russa, in particolare delle opere di Tolstoj e Dostoevskij, sia cambiata tra i lettori non accademici a seguito degli ultimi eventi. Attraverso i dati raccolti sulla piattaforma Goodreads, sono state analizzate oltre 5.700 valutazioni per studiare l'influenza della guerra sulla ricezione dei classici russi. I risultati evidenziano una diminuzione statisticamente significativa, seppur modesta, delle valutazioni dopo l'invasione dell’Ucraina, suggerendo un crescente scetticismo culturale verso la letteratura russa. Tecniche computazionali, come gli algoritmi di Change Point Detection, hanno individuato nei mesi di gennaio e febbraio 2022 un momento cruciale per il cambio delle valutazioni. Pur confermando un cambiamento percettivo, lo studio sottolinea la complessità di attribuire tale mutamento esclusivamente alle opinioni dei lettori, poiché anche le dinamiche delle piattaforme e la disinformazione digitale giocano un ruolo significativo. Questi risultati invitano a svolgere ulteriori indagini sull’interazione tra eventi politici e ricezione letteraria in contesti politicamente polarizzati.

Riferimenti bibliografici

Aminikhanghahi, Samaneh, and Diane J. Cook. 2017. “A Survey of Methods for Time Series Change Point Detection.” Knowledge and Information Systems 51 (2): 339–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-016-0987-z.

Ascione, Gennaro. 2010. A sud di nessun sud. Postcolonialismo, movimenti antisistemici e studi decoloniali. Bologna: I Libri di Emil.

CRAN. n.d. “Package MASS.” Accessed November 21, 2024. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MASS/index.html.

Dostliev, Andrii. 2024. “Propaganda in prosa | Noi ucraini non possiamo impedirvi di leggere Tolstoj, ma possiamo farvi passare la voglia.” Linkiesta.it. May 22, 2024. https://www.linkiesta.it/2024/05/letteratura-russia-tolstoy-ucraina/.

Etkind, Alexander. 2011. Internal Colonization: Russia’s Imperial Experience. Cambridge: Polity.

Foreign Policy. 2022. “From Pushkin to Putin: Russian Literature Is Full of Imperial Ideology.” Foreign Policy, June 25, 2022. https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/06/25/russia-ukraine-war-literature-classics-imperialism-ideology-nationalism-putin-pushkin-tolstoy-dostoevsky-caucasus/.

Franzen, J. (2021). “Everyone’s a critic: Rezensieren in Zeiten des ästhetischen Plebiszit.” Unterstellte Leseschaften: Tagung, Kulturwissenschaftliches Institut Essen, 29. Bis 30. September 2020. https://doi.org/10.37189/duepublico/74186.

Hokanson, Katya. 2001. “Review of Imperial Knowledge: Russian Literature and Colonialism by Ewa M. Thompson.” Comparative Literature Studies 38 (3): 264–66.

Jauss, Hans Robert. 1987. Esperienza estetica ed ermeneutica letteraria. Teoria e storia dell’Esperienza estetica. Translated by B. Argenton. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Jauss, Hans Robert. 2016. Storia della letteratura come provocazione. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.

Kolarz, Walter. 1952. Russia and Her Colonies. London: George Philip and Son Limited.

Kopeling, A. 2019. “A non-parametric significance test to compare corpora.” PLoS One 14(9).

Layton, Susan. 1995. Russian Literature and Empire: Conquest of the Caucasus from Pushkin to Tolstoy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lonardo, Luigi. 2023. Russia’s 2022 War Against Ukraine and the Foreign Policy Reaction of the EU: Context, Diplomacy, and Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

McFadden, D. 1974. “Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior.” Frontiers in Econometrics, 105–142.

Moe, Wendy W., and David A. Schweidel. 2011. “Online Product Opinions: Incidence, Evaluation and Evolution.” February. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1525205.

Moretti, Franco. 2000. “The Slaughterhouse of Literature.” MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly 61 (1): 207–27.

Nikitin, Aleksey. 2023. “La storia, a volte, stupisce.” MicroMega, 2.

Pavlyshyn, Marko. 1993. “Ukrainian Literature and the Erotics of Postcolonialism: Some Modest Propositions.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies 17 (1/2): 110–26.

Pianzola, F. 2024. Digital social reading: Sharing fiction in the twenty-first century. The MIT Press.

Rebora, Simone et al. 2021. “Digital Humanities and Digital Social Reading.” Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 36 (Supplement_2): 230–50. October. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqab020.

Reeves, Jaxk et al. 2007. “A Review and Comparison of Changepoint Detection Techniques for Climate Data.” Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46 (6): 900–15. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2493.1.

Review of Democracy. 2022. “Imperialism in Russian Literature.” Review of Democracy, June 7, 2022. https://revdem.ceu.edu/2022/06/07/imperialism-in-russian-literature/.

Rippl, Gabriele, and Simone Winko, eds. 2013. Handbuch Kanon und Wertung. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05306-0.

Roar, Lishaugen. 2023. “‘La loro opera’ ci insegna a guardare correttamente al nostro passato.” In Leggere in Europa. Testi, forme, pratiche (secoli XVIII–XXI), edited by Lodovica Braida and Brigitte Ouvry-Vial, 377–90. Roma: Carocci.

Rodgers, Courtney. 2021. “Top Reviewers or Bot Reviewers: The Goodreads Bot Problem.” Book Riot, July 20, 2021. https://bookriot.com/goodreads-bot-problem/.

Salgaro, M. 2022. “Literary value in the era of big data.” Journal of Cultural Analytics, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.22148/001c.36446.

Shavarinskaya, Svetlana R. 2012. “Dostoyevsky and Leo Tolstoy: dialogue on Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 years.” Вестник Костромского государственного университета 18, no. 5: 142–145.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty et al. 2006. “Are We Postcolonial? Post-Soviet Space.” PMLA 121 (3): 828–36. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25486358.

Thompson, Ewa M. 2000. Imperial Knowledge: Russian Literature and Colonialism. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Гоголь, Н. В. 1844. “Письмо к А. О. Смирновой, 24 декабря н. ст. 1844 г.” http://gogol-lit.ru/gogol/pisma-gogolya/letter-730.htm.

Кочуков, Сергей Анатольевич. 2010. “Ф. М. Достоевский и Русско-турецкая война 1877-1878 годов.” Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия История. Международные отношения 10, no. 2: 69–73.

Кудрин, Олег. 2023. “«Путеводитель по рашизму-путинизму». Достоевский – имперец, Толстой – антиимперец. Но итоги – схожи.” Сyprus Daily News, September 16, 2023. https://cyprus-daily.news/oleg-kudrin-putevoditel-po-rashizmu-putinizmu-dostoevskij-imperets-tolstoj-antiimperets-no-itogi-shozhi/.

Дмитриев, Александр. 2007. “Мiй Жадан, або Небо над Харьковом.” НЛО 3. https://magazines.gorky.media/nlo/2007/3/mij-zhadan-abo-nebo-nad-harkovom.html.

Лекманов, Олег. 2023. “«Нам» и «нас» в стихотворении Бродского «На независимость Украины».” Волга, no. 5. https://magazines.gorky.media/volga/2023/5/nam-i-nas-v-stihotvorenii-brodskogo-na-nezavisimost-ukrainy.html.

Марголис, Екатерина. 2022. “Если выпало в империи родиться.” Новая газета, July 9, 2022. https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2022/07/09/esli-vypalo-v-imperii-roditsia.

Новикова, Лиза. 2012. “Сергей Жадан обороняет Ворошиловград.” Известия, August 14, 2012. https://iz.ru/news/532870.

Український тиждень. 2022. “How Russian Literature Serves Russian Imperialism.” Український тиждень, April 1, 2022. https://tyzhden.ua/how-russian-literature-serves-russian-imperialism/.

Цвілюк, Семен Антонович. 2004. Українізація України: тернистий шлях національно-культурного відродження доби сталінізму. Одеса: Маяк. https://books.google.com/books/about/Українізація_України.html?hl=it&id=0r0jAQAAIAAJ.

Эткинд, Александр. 2001. “Фуко и тезис внутренней колонизации.” НЛО 3. https://magazines.gorky.media/nlo/2001/3/fuko-i-tezis-vnutrennej-kolonizaczii.html.

Яусс, Роберт Ханс 1994. “К проблеме диалогического понимания.” Вопросы философии, no. 12: 97–106.

Downloads

Pubblicato

2025-05-28

Come citare

Uccello, I., & Vezzani, G. (2025). Danni collaterali. La ricezione online di Tolstoj e Dostoevskij dopo l’invasione dell’Ucraina. Umanistica Digitale, 9(19), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2532-8816/20759

Fascicolo

Sezione

Articoli